CAUTIOUSLY CELEBRATING THE LATINIZATION OF CITIES

BY STUDENT

Minority populations have significantly increased throughout the years and it is no doubt that they will continue to increase for years to come. New York City in particular is made up mostly of minorities and it is said that now white people have become the minority population due to such a high volume or ethnic minorities. A record high 3.07 million foreign born immigrants live in New York City, more than any other city in the world (Huff Post, 2010). With gentrification in mind, will New York City continue to be the hub for minority migration especially Latinx’s? In this blogpost I will highlight the importance of minority migration into NYC and what it will look like in the future.

New York City contains a significant amount of minority groups. As seen on the map below, the demographics show that although there is a white population in the city, it is mostly made up of Hispanics, Blacks, Asians and South Americans. They are crucial to NYC’s economy contributing to a major part of the workforce, as well as being the consumer. It is safe to say that without the latinx minority population, the city’s economy will quickly see its negative effects. Without minority migration, New York City will not be the same considering that 40% of the city’s residents were foreign born and that does not include children that they have had here. 

            

http://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/01/23/nyregion/20110123-nyc-ethnic-neighborhoods-map.html 

Although New York City has seen an increase of migration throughout the years, there has also been an increase of people moving out of the city. According the U.S Census Bureau, NYC population continues to decline faster than any other state. It has lost an estimated 48,510 residents between July 1, 2017 and July 1, 2018 (Arnold, 2018). One cannot directly correlate the loss of population to gentrification but one of the driving forces that have residents moving out is the housing costs of living in NYC. Living in the city has become much more expensive and many immigrants that do not have high paying jobs look to other states in order to live a more affordable life. Although New York City remains the hub for minority migration and it will continue to grow, out migration will increase in the upcoming years. 

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/new-york-city-immigrants_n_4475197

http://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/01/23/nyregion/20110123-nyc-ethnic-neighborhoods-map.html

https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/politics/albany/2018/12/19/leaving-new-york-population-loss-steepest-u-s/2362167002/

https://zicklin.baruch.cuny.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Paper-Series-Feb.-2018-No.-15-New-Yorkers-on-the-Move.pdf

URBAN MIGRATIONS AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY BARRIOS

BY STUDENT

Migration to the United States has always been a difficult journey for most Latinx groups. The Mexican and Puerto Rican communities faced some of the biggest challenges upon arriving in the United States. In this blog, I will compare the treatment between the Mexican and Puerto Rican migrants in the early twentieth century.

The Mexican community migrated throughout the southwest. Puerto Ricans concentrated in different areas of New York City. Both communities were mainly lower and working-class individuals. They experienced poor living conditions such as overcrowded and unventilated rooms. Over time, they were victims of urban renewal, which kicked many out of their homes. Public services such as sports facilities, pools, and playgrounds were limited to the non-Latino population. Mexican immigrants could only use the pools the day before they were cleaned because they were seen as dirty people who lacked personal hygiene. Puerto Ricans would see signs in public places saying, “No dogs or Puerto Ricans allowed” (Bedolla, 2014). Good-paying jobs weren’t open to either group. Mexicans in the south were making about $1.25 a day (Sanchez, 1995). Puerto Ricans worked blue-collar jobs with low wages in low-paying sectors (Korrol, 1983). There were always periods of high unemployment, making it difficult to survive. Poll taxes and literacy tests were implemented to voters, making it difficult for Latino groups to register or pay the fees. As a result, most didn’t vote. States in the south even restricted voting in the primary election to the white population only (Bedolla, 2014). Mexicans were victims of lynching’s, deportations and police harassment. Puerto Ricans came at the peak of segregation and were attacked due to the increase of bodega markets in the city (Bedolla, 2014). The constant mistreatment led these communities to come together to look out for their people. The Mutualistas were mutual aid societies that helped Mexicans deal with economic protection, education and other important types of aid (Bedolla, 2014). Puerto Ricans created several organizations to assist newcomers with employment and housing difficulties. These groups helped newcomers adapt to life in the United States and protected them from violence. It tells you a lot about these people who barely had anything but still did as much as they could to support their own people who were going through similar struggles. 

It’s clear that both of these communities weren’t welcomed with open arms in the United States. They had to fight for their place in society and dealt with the hardships that came with being a Latinx individual in the early twentieth century. As of 2019 it’s very difficult for Latino migrants to succeed in the United States but we have created a better support system for these newcomers. We have grown as a country and will continue to provide opportunities for future immigrants. 

Sources

Bedolla, Lisa García. Latino Politics. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2014.

Korrol, Virginia Sánchez. From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

Sanchez, George J., Charles Bergquist, and Ricardo Penaranda. Becoming Mexican American Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945. Cary: Oxford University Press, USA, 2014.

CAUTIOUSLY CELEBRATING THE LATINIZATION OF CITIES

GENTRIFICATION AND URBAN LATINIDAD AS THEME PARK 

BY STUDENT

Gentrification is when there are renovations made to an area to look more appealing. When a neighborhood is gentrified it forces many lower income residents out because they often can’t afford to live there anymore. “One of the most intriguing aspects of gentrification is how communities opposition to developments is often times tamed by the inclusion of cultural initiatives that allege to be representative of these very same communities” (Dávila). When people gentrify communities they often make promises to the people living there claiming the want to keep the culture of the community (Dávila). Then when the gentrification starts changes are made to the community that take away from the area’s uniqueness. How does gentrification affect Latinx communities?

Many communities where gentrification occurs are in minority communities. Gentrification makes inequality more visible (Dávila). Gentrifiers often have the means to use noninstitutional sources of capital (Dávila). For example in New York City, communities of color experience the greatest burden in terms of rapid gentrification (Dávila). In East Harlem aka Spanish Harlem/ El Barrio people in the community worried about the future of the area’s cultural identity (Dávila). As many minorities often do when their neighborhoods begin changing due to urban renewal. When a large commercial development came to East Harlem they planned to include a Latin themed cultural component in its marketing plans so the public would approve (Dávila). 

For gentrifiers to have their plans look appealing to the community they use the people of the community to their advantage. As minorities are often the majority in cities like East Harlem where the population of Latinx is about 41 percent, and 35 percent African American (statisticalatlas.com). In order to even get the public to be interested in their plans they use the minorities cultures to make it seem more inclusive. Therefore, minorities will think their community will be improved and still have its uniqueness. Then, gentrifiers get their plan in motion and start to take over the community, often causing minorities to move away from their neighborhoods.

Works Cited:

Dávila, Arlene M. "From Barrio to Mainstream: On the Politics of Latino/a Art Museums." Latino Spin: Public Image and the Whitewashing of Race. New York: New York UP, 2008. N. pag. Print. 

"Race and Ethnicity in East Harlem, New York, New York (Neighborhood)." The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas. Accessed May 06, 2019. https://statisticalatlas.com/neighborhood/New-York/New-York/East-Harlem/Race-and-Ethnicity.

LATINA/O/XS AND HOUSING POLICIES

BY STUDENT

Latios has made up a large part of new york city, with the population growing day by day space is limited. Everyone has a right to space, but as times goes on will there everyone be equality in housing? Finding a place to live was never an easy task, from racial profiling to various red-lining communities to simply overcharging the minorities. many times the housing policy is against latios that are trying to better their communities. Having more and more people migrate into the city and having less space to put them had become a problem. America solution was to keep from interacting with white Americans. Having segregated neighborhood of simply pushing people out of their homes. A lot of people take space for granted or don’t pay attention to their surroundings. Ever wondered why everyone in your neighbored looks like you? Or have you ever felt out of place in your own community?. “At 50, Levittown Contends with its legacy of Bias” an article written by Bruce. Lambert Sheds light on some of the few challenges minorities face with housing. “The whites-only policy was not some unspoken gentlemen's agreement. It was cast in bold capital letters in clause 25 of the standard lease for the first Levitt houses, which included an option to buy.” This quote speaks directly to the injustice that was happening in certain neighborhoods. It wasn’t a secret that segregation was being enforced. Real estate agents, we’re pushing the agenda of having whites-only neighborhoods or showing certain homes to only those of the Caucasian race. Even after the United States supreme voted against that clause in 1948 that didn’t change much. 

I live in Queens NY  where it is considered to be the most diverse borough in NYC. I can not say the same for neighboring locations such as Long Island. Owning property has gotten more popular not than ever. As stated in the Article “The right to the city” written by David Harvey he argues that “the rights of private property and the profit rate Trump all other notions of rights” Home ownership has drastically become important but minorities are getting the short end of the stick. They are not getting the same housing experiences, they are being sold houses in a “bad” neighborhood and they are being charged double the price. “Of Levittown 53,286 residents in 1990 there were about 51,883, 2,184” people were refusing to black houses if they had black or Latino Neighborhoods. Some would even sell their houses if they knew there were minorities looking to move into their spaces. 

Times have certainly changed, with Long Island now having an 18 percent Latino population. There has Been some improvement but there is still some discrimination when it comes to buying homes. The problem starts and ends with real estate agents and those who encourage it. Everyone should have a right to space and live in diverse neighborhoods has many benefits. As a product of a diverse neighborhood, I have enjoyed the different cultures and love that my neighborhood brings. Growing up with friends from different countries has taught me to appreciate my heritage and also theirs. 

Citation

Bronx Activists Stand Up for Affordable Housing in New York. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://caseygrants.org/evn/bronx-activists-stand-up-for-affordable-housing-in-new-york/

Harvey, D. (n.d.). The Right to the City. The Emancipatory City?: Paradoxes and Possibilities, 236-239. doi:10.4135/9781446221365.n15

Lambert, B. (1997, December 28). At 50, Levittown Contends With Its Legacy of Bias. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/28/nyregion/at-50-levittown-contends-with-its-legacy-of-bias.html

 2018 Year In Review For The Housing Market | Bankrate.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.bankrate.com/mortgages/year-in-review-for-housing-market/amp/

LATINA/O/XS AND HOUSING POLICIES

LATINOS AND HOUSING POLICIES IN LOS ANGELES

BY STUDENT

After doing some research about the Latino culture, I have realized all of the 

restrictions and political issues immigrants have faced for a very long time. There are many individuals that look down on Latinos. From the beginning, the Mexican community in Los Angeles never had a chance for an equal or fair life. The country has always put up some type of policies such as not letting Mexicans vote initially, zoning laws that put restrictions on how Mexicans could use their own land, and non-affordable housing which created sections and neighborhoods without much resources which created crime. LA is the second largest city in the country and the Hispanics are the largest ethnic group. Still, we see that they aren't the most wealthy with most being middle to low class. Do Latinx who are born in poverty grow up with an equal chance in LA and how are they doing compared to other Latinx in other parts of the Country? 

Poverty, public housing, and urbanism are all evident in ways in Los Angeles. In my perspective the way our country was set up had flaws and we are still paying for the mistakes of our past generations. Before the United States existed California was apart of Mexico. In 1848, America took over the territory and California became the 31st state to join the United States. It seems as the gold rush started in California from 1848-1855. We can see that the U.S. clearly took over an area being California and started a war because they wanted in on the gold and resources this land had to offer. The US knew it wouldn’t be easy to just get all these native people out of the country so they gave them the option to go to the now much smaller Mexico or be apart of the United States as a citizen. With that being said, you can see how our country beat Mexico out of their rightful money and wealth that could have made a difference in the way they live currently today. After this war was over Mexicans who stayed in the United States saw that they weren’t treated equally. A lot of them lost their rights to own land and had it took because that’s how our laws were set up. 

I do believe housing issues become a vicious cycle that normally doesn’t end easily. The housing that does get provided for people in poverty is considered section 8 living. However, the houses provided aren’t particularly the nicest. For most people with free housing, it’s just the basics a small kitchen, bedroom, and bathroom in an area with high crime rates. Most of the provided housing is apartment buildings which leaves no property for children to grow up and play. In “Tierra y Libertad,” by Steven Barber, he says that Latinos struggle being in large families because they’re placed in small homes. On the other Hand, we can see Los Angeles is growing and improving for the better. It is Ranked 1st in the nation for residents with at least a bachelor degree. It also has the highest rate of income growth in the U.S. With that being said The average income for Hispanics in Los Angeles is only around 42,000 which is less than the 

national household average. We can see that this gap is slowly but steadily closing as the Hispanic community is developing and getting into higher paying jobs. I think as the years go on we will start to see more of a higher income for this Los Angeles area and the Latinos. 

source:

Bender, Steven. Tierra y Libertad: Land, Liberty, and Latino Housing. 

New York. New York university press. 2010. 

LATINA/O/XS AND HOUSING POLICIES

BY STUDENT

While readings ,” Becoming Mexican American” by George J. Sanchez , I learned about how bad the living situation was for the latinos coming to the states . In this reading it is talking about the ethnicity , culture and identity of the chicanos in Los Angeles in 1900-1945. When latinos came over to the states , they came with nothing but a goal to better themselves and a will to do anything to reach their goal. When it came to work, they worked the hardest and dangerous jobs and got aid little to none . You can only imagine the way they lived . They do not have a lot of money and have to live somewhere they can afford . In this readings it says “ poor housing options and unhealthy living conditions were as much of the mexican life in the city as more favorable conditions” ( George sanchez ) This shows that they lived in places that was unfit for living. They could get sick from the filth, mold, and rats. They lived in small housing and alot of them where over populated . However, this was the reality of it all  because of how they had to live based off of their income . How do the people who work long hours and dangerous jobs get paid so little or don't get help finding a good home .

In this blogpost I argue that yes, they are immigrants but should get paid based on their work. If they are working hard long hours ,they should get paid at a higher rate for the work they give. The United States used immigrant labor to create this country to provide equal opportunities and freedom but it denies those very aspects to the minorities that help create it in the first place.  How can the US allow these people to come over here with the dream to better themselves but have them working and living just as bad as they would if they stayed in their home country .

This reading has made me think. The US was willing and okay for having immigrants come over and work and stay here but didn't have a plan how to take care of them. Since they are here in the states and working they should be treated like an american that is working . There are americans who don't work that live better than the latinos who are grinding and working hard. I firmly believe that if a person is willing to get off their couch and is willing to go and work for there money, they should be able to do so and get paid accordingly. 

While growing up I always heard about the American Dream. That everyone gets there chances to be something as long as they put the work . I know for sure the immigrants/ latinos heard the same story. They came over here to chase the dream of bettering themselves . I am putting a big red dot on jobs because in reality the more money you make the better house you can live in. I think that if the lations got paid better , the housing situation would be better and there wouldn't be as much of an issue with the poverty and housing problems.

“NEW" LATINA/O/X MIGRATION

BY STUDENT

In class, we have discussed in depth Latino/a/x migration to prominent cities like NYC and LA. In the early 20th century, Latino/a/x immigrants tended to settle in urban areas. However, more recently, we have seen a “new” Latino/a/x migration which entails Latino/a/xs moving out of urban areas and big cities and into suburbs. I just moved to the DMV area so for this topic, I chose to focus on suburban counties in Virginia and Maryland that have seen a significant growth in the Latino/a/x population: Prince William County and Frederick County. I discuss the reasons for this new migration and the reactions of people in these counties to this demographic change. Why have Latino/a/xs started migrating to more rural areas and how has this “new” migration affected suburban areas in Virginia and Maryland? 

The DC metropolitan area has become significantly more ethnically diverse in the last 20 years (Jones-Correa, 192). Frederick County in Maryland has seen an overall increase in their Latino population in the last 6 years. According to The Frederick News-Post, in 2010 the Latino population was 7.3% and in 2016 it was 8.4%. Considering how large the county is, that is a significant increase. If we look more closely to towns in this county, such as Brunswick, we can see “new” migration more clearly. In 2010, Latinos only made up 3.77% of the population in Brunswick. By 2016, the percentage more than doubles to 8.89%. In the article “Census: Hispanic residents moving to suburbs, rural outskirts of Frederick County”, a hispanic woman named Dinora Garcia discusses what it was like moving to a predominantly white town, Brunswick, in the early 2000s. She felt her family attracted a lot of attention and that they were the only hispanics living there. Dinora said that her family moved to Brunswick because it was more affordable. This holds true for many Latinos migrating to more rural areas. They are searching for lower costs of living, especially housing costs. The other benefits and reasons for this migration includes close proximity to jobs, open space, and close knit communities. The public school in this town has grown with the population. The elementary school offers programs for students whose first language is not english.

Not all towns react in the same positive light. In class, we watched 9500 liberty, a documentary based in Prince William County, that follows the reactions of the non-hispanic population. This county has very negative views on the rising Latino/a/x population. This is shown in the film when a man yells at a Latin family to learn english because he “doesn’t want to hear spanish in this country.” The county even passed an ordinance that allows police to stop anybody they think “looks like an illegal immigrant” and ask for documentation. If we needed any more proof that racism is still alive, here it is. This reaction is very different than the one in Frederick County. No matter what it is, people will always have different opinions on things. These two counties are a great example of that. However, no matter how people react, this “new” Latino/a/x migration is happening and will continue to happen.

References

 

Jones-Correa, Michael. 2006. The New Suburban History: Reshaping the American 

Dream.Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Lavin, Nancy. 2018. “Census: Hispanic residents moving to suburbs, rural outskirts of Frederick 

County”. The Frederick News-Post. Accessed April 16th, 2019. 

https://www.fredericknewspost.com/news/economy_and_business/real_estate_and_devel

opment/census-hispanic-residents-moving-to-suburbs-rural-outskirts-of-frederick/article_

5e3ceb12-97b8-5f65-a99b-1c5af20b7f74.html

Prince William County Government. N.d. “Demographics”. Accessed April 16th, 2019. 

http://www.pwcecondev.org/demographics

9500 Liberty. Film. Directed by Eric Byler and Annabel Park. Virgina: 2009.

"NEW" LATINA/O/X MIGRATION

LATINIZATION OF U.S. SUBURBS

BY STUDENT

The creation of the United States cannot be solely credited to one race. There were many hands responsible for making America the great country it has become. Several groups migrated from their homelands to this country in search for work and a better life. One of these groups largely responsible for this are Latinos. This group of individuals brought with them various characteristics and traditions relevant to Latino culture. This culture largely dominated urban areas due to the influx of Latinos into cities in search for jobs. However, as time went on jobs began to move out of cities and into suburbs; resulting in increased presence of minorities in these areas. The movement of Latinos into suburbs raises challenges which are still present today.   

Suburbs have been thought of as consisting mainly of middle-class white households (Correa 183). This image has been changing over the last couple decades and is doing so at an increasing rate. The late 20^thcentury brought with it considerable growth in the immigrant population causing an increase in multiethnic suburbs. Around this time, the immigrant population division between urban, suburban, and rural areas were 47%, 48%, and 5% respectively (Correa 184). His studies found that Latinos tend to settle in less concentrated groups compared to African Americans (190). Correa mentions that the politics of suburbia is based on the principle of exclusion with barriers intended to preserve class and racial homogeneity (187). As the suburbs become more multiethnic, these barriers are still present. The more dispersed settlement of Latinos in suburbs raises challenges for the community as a whole.

The District of Colombia is one area in the U.S. consisting of many suburbs and experiencing substantial growth in population with the majority of this population and largest employment sector jobs located in the inner suburbs (Correa 191). D.C. is considered to be one of the “melting pot” metros resulting from the influx of minority groups. One of the main challenges facing minority groups are the lack of access to resources compared to white residents (Correa 188). The biggest challenge facing the Latino community is political representation. While other groups have significant representation in political arenas, Latinos are given no other choice but to look for representation in other areas (Correa 200). Over the years, society has been more focused on the concept of inclusion then it has been in the past. Being aware of these struggles, is a start in the process of finding solutions for the geographically dispersed and underrepresented suburban Latino community. However, much more improvement is still needed. 

Jones-Correa, Michael. 2006. “Reshaping the American Dream: Immigrants, Ethnic Minorities,  and the Politics of the New Suburbs” In The New Suburban History. 

“NEW” LATINA/O/X MIGRATION

BY STUDENT

Migration is the movement by people from one place to another with the intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily in a new location. The Latino/x migration process mostly took place in the mid 19^thCentury and is still taking place now. 

In this post we will look at the pattern of migration of Latino/x which is also known as the  “Latin Boom” across New York City from their countries of origin and also the contribution of the Latino migration to New York City.

The United States Census uses the ethnonym Hispanic or Latino to refer to "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. Between 1990 and 2014, the Hispanic and Latino population in New York grew by 66 percent, reaching nearly 3.7 million. Nearly half of Hispanic New Yorkers, including Latinos, were born here and more than three-quarters are United States citizens by birth or naturalization.

The “Big Three” (Puerto Ricans, Dominicans, and Mexicans) comprise some 70% of all New York Latinos. Yet other nationalities (Ecuadorans, Colombians, and Central Americans) figure notably in the mosaic of Spanish-speaking groups. No other city in the country displays such heterogeneity of Hispanic-origin peoples. There is a deep association of Puerto Ricans with El Barrio (East Harlem) and of Dominicans with Washington Heights, both areas located in the borough of Manhattan. 

In 1950, Latinos comprised less than 5% of the total population and by 2010 they were almost 30%: surely, one of the most significant changes in post-WWII New York. 

By 2010, Latinos numbered 2.4 million, 29% of the city’s population. In 1990, by contrast, they were 1.7 million representing 24%. Puerto Ricans were the largest single group during the last century. But the numbers appear to be rapidly changing. The projections of the demographers indicate that the next decennial census will register Dominicans as the largest group (some observers think they already are). Some years later, Mexicans are expected to attain that distinction. According to the 2016 national census, there were some 815,422 Hispanics in the Bronx, 427,224 in Manhattan and 505,183 in Brooklyn. 

Latino immigrants currently account for about 24 percent of New York City’s workforce which is nearly one-fifth of the city’s economic output. These individuals have a strong presence in a wide range of occupations with Latino immigrants making up the majority of workers in the construction, personal services, leisure and hospitality, and manufacturing industries.

Also Hispanic households in the New York City paid almost $1billion in federal taxes and nearly $800 million in state and local taxes in 2013. 

Latinos are more present than ever in politics and government in the United States, but also in the arts, the media, academia and sports. In New York itself, 18 state legislators are Hispanic, while 10 New York City Council members can trace their origins to Latin America the most notable additions being newly elected U.S representatives for New York’s 14^thcongressional district Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez and Antonio Delgado.

This map shows the distribution density of the Latino population in New York City with Sunset Park (Brooklyn), East Tremont (Bronx) and Corona (Brooklyn) having the most Latino concentration.

Work Cited

Clancy, . “A Hispanic Powerhouse: The Latino Contributions to New York.” HuffPost, HuffPost, 8 Oct. 2017, www.huffpost.com/entry/a-hispanic-powerhouse-the_b_12388334.

Robert C. Smith, “Mexicans in New York,” in G. Haslip-Viera and S. Baver, eds. Latinos in New York: Communities in Transition (Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame University Press, 1996).

“Then as Now - New York's Shifting Ethnic Mosaic.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 22 Jan. 2011, archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/01/23/nyregion/20110123-nyc-ethnic-neighborhoods-map.html.

Torres, Andres. “Latino New York: An Introduction.” NACLA, 23 Jan. 2014, nacla.org/news/2014/1/23/latino-new-york-introduction.

LATINA/O/XS TAKE CENTER STAGE

BY STUDENT

When people think of New York, they think of New York City or Long Island, but I come from a town less known called Kingston. Kingston was the first capital of New York. Even if it was the first capital not that many have ever heard of Kingston. When my parents moved into the town there was a small population of Hispanics, but now I realized the Hispanic population in Kingston has grown drastically since then. It is very interesting to see the Latino population growing and see the effects it has on the community. For me personally, I find it very comforting because more people like me are coming to the United States. 

The community in Kingston is an artistic and involving community. In the past few years many murals have been painted on serval buildings that are part of a community festival called O + with many various murals representing or linking to the Hispanic community. My favorite being the one that honors migrants, refugees and undocumented people. There has also been an increase of services for the community especially in the Kingston schools. When I went through the school system, I often had to translate everything my mom received from the school like permission slips, report cards, lunch schedules, and any sort of announcements. Now my mother receives the majority of these with a Spanish translation at the bottom and receives all my younger brother’s permission slips in Spanish. This is due to the major increase of Latinos in our community’s schools especially non-English speakers.

 The 2010 Census stated that out of 308.7 million people in the United States, 50.5 million people were of Hispanic origin. In 2000 the population was 35.3 million and by 2010 it had increased by 15.2 million according to the 2010 Census. Now Hispanics make up around 16 percent of the total population in the United States. Most Hispanics migrate to the United States to find better jobs and to live a better life then the life they had in their home country. This is one of the reasons why my family moved to the United States. With the increase of population comes change since the majority of Hispanics speak Spanish and have a completely different culture then the one present in America and Hispanics implement their culture to their neighborhoods and communities. In Samuel Huntington’s “The Hispanic Challenge”, he states, “ The continuing huge inflow of migrants makes it increasingly possible for Spanish speakers… to live normal lives without knowing English.” This great for those who don’t know any English. It is much easier for them to implement themselves into society and live out their daily lives without having any trouble at all.

Work Cited

Huntington, Samuel P. 2005. “The Hispanic Challenge.” Foreign Policy, March 1, 2004 https://blackboard.albany.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-3553839-dt-content-rid-58366585_1/courses/2193-ALCS-283-9972/Huntington_The_Hispanic_Challenge.pdf

US Census Bureau. "The Hispanic Population: 2010." The Hispanic Population: 2010. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2011/dec/c2010br-04.html